8/14/2023 0 Comments Piezo electric load cell"Piezo proteins have been implicated in a variety of physiological processes, including touch sensation, hearing, blood pressure regulation, and bladder function," said Kamikouchi. They concluded that a key role of the piezo gene was helping the male shift his axis in response to the female for maximum mating success. As one might expect, the males that showed difficulty in adopting an appropriate sexual position had fewer offspring. This allowed them to discover that when piezo-expressing neurons were inhibited, males adopted a wonky, largely ineffective mating posture. By training the AI to recognize when sexual intercourse was occurring, they could automatically control photostimulation. The observation problem led the group to establish an experimental deep learning system that could recognize copulation. Waiting around for fruit flies to mate is incredibly time-consuming." However, if the experimenter manually turned the photostimulation on in response to the animal's copulation, they needed to observe the animal throughout the experiment. Therefore, we had to make sure that the light was only turned on during mating. However, our interest was silencing neural activity during copulation. "Using optogenetics, specific neurons are silenced only when exposed to photostimulation. "This step proved to be a big challenge for us," Kamikouchi said. This allowed the researchers to manipulate the activity of piezo-expressing neurons. When the light was turned on during mating, the neuron was silenced. This technique combines genetic engineering and optical science to create genetically modified neurons that can be inactivated with light of specific wavelengths. Yamanouchi (he/him) used optogenetics to further explore the neural mechanism of this phenomenon. Such feedback helps a fly maintain his mating position.Īfter identifying that the piezo gene is involved in the mating of fruit flies, Professor Azusa Kamikouchi (she/her), Assistant Professor Ryoya Tanaka (he/him), and student Hayato M. This signal triggers cellular responses, including the release of neurotransmitters in neurons and the contraction of muscle cells. Piezo is activated when a mechanical force is applied to a cell membrane, allowing ions to flow through the channel and generate an electrical signal. Piezo is a family of transmembrane proteins found in bristle cells, the sensitive cells in male genitals. The Nagoya University research group realized that some factor was involved in maintaining this copulation posture.Ī likely contender is piezo. In fruit flies, the male mounts the female and maintains this posture at least until he transfers sufficient sperm to fertilize the female, which occurs about eight minutes after copulation initiation. Since many animals adopt a fixed posture during copulation, maintaining an effective mating position is vital for reproductive success. They are also suitable for use in temporary construction, where they check the load in the construction to make sure the construction does not collapse.Most previous studies of animal mating have been limited to behavioral studies, limiting our understanding of this essential process. BoltSafe sensors can be used for more applications than measuring bolt load. We use this data to determine the bolt load at any given moment. The changes in electrical resistance caused by these deformations are then measured by the sensor. When the bolt is being tightened, the applied force results in a minor deformation of the stainless steel washer. With this knowledge, safety is enhanced, bolted joints are more dependable and better control over the bolted construction is assured.īoltSafe sensors are used as washers and are placed on the non-driven side of a bolted connection, preferably under a nut. Our load sensors are specially designed to measure and monitor bolt load during assembly and over time. This makes BoltSafe sensors very suitable for measuring static and constant pressure, in contrast to piezoelectric sensors. Our sensors measure changes in the magnetic field instead, using magnetoelastic technology. BoltSafe sensors use a different technology than piezoelectric sensors.
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